Wind pattern analysis at Bandaranaike international airport (2019-2023): temporal variability and dominant wind directions

Abstract

This study focuses on the analysis of wind patterns at Bandaranaike International Airport, which is a key factor in flight safety and efficiency. Wind speed and direction have a significant impact on flight operations. Especially during take-off and landing. The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of wind behavior over a five-year period (2019–2023) using observational data from airports. These findings provide valuable insights to improve aviation safety. Increase efficiency in using the runway and improving operational planning at Bandaranaike International Airport. The study also emphasizes the importance of accurate weather forecasts to reduce risks associated with adverse weather conditions in aviation.

The consequences show that the northeast monsoon dominates within the early and past due months of the year, whilst the southwest monsoon prevails from May to September. Wind speeds are typically among 3–7 knots, with the very best prevalence at some point of the northeast monsoon. The southwest monsoon brings stronger winds predominantly from the southwest, whilst the northeast monsoon introduces enormously calmer winds from the northeast.

The findings provide valuable information for aviation operations, including insights for runway utilization, flight safety, and operational planning. By establishing a detailed wind profile, this study enhances local meteorological knowledge, contributing to the development of predictive models and supporting the accuracy of short- to medium-term wind forecasts. This analysis ultimately aids in improving airport management and operational efficiency under varying wind conditions.